Moses is one of the most prominent figures in the Hebrew Bible, primarily described in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. He is portrayed as a prophet, leader, and lawgiver who delivered the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, received God's covenant at Mount Sinai, and guided the people through the wilderness toward the Promised Land. His life spanned 120 years (Deuteronomy 34:7) and is traditionally divided into three 40-year periods, reflecting stages of preparation, leadership, and wandering.

Moses' life exemplifies themes of divine calling, intercession, faithfulness amid hardship, and the establishment of Israel's covenant relationship with God. His writings are traditionally attributed to the Pentateuch (first five books of the Bible).